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动画作为可视化的重要组成部分,能显著提高数据可视化的表现力。G2 提供了完善的动画系统,支持图形在进入(enter)、更新(update)和退出(exit)三个阶段的动画效果设置,并且能根据数据特性进行动画编码,实现丰富的交互与过渡效果。
G2 动画系统的核心特性:
动画属性可通过 animate
配置项设置,既可在图表整体配置中定义,也可针对具体标记设置。
动画可在图表配置中通过 animate
属性进行设置:
import { Chart } from '@antv/g2';const chart = new Chart({container: 'container',});chart.options({type: 'line',autoFit: true,data: {type: 'fetch',value:'https://gw.alipayobjects.com/os/bmw-prod/551d80c6-a6be-4f3c-a82a-abd739e12977.csv',},encode: { x: 'date', y: 'close' },animate: { enter: { type: 'pathIn', duration: 1000 } },});chart.render();
可把type
设置为null
、undefined
或 false
来关闭动画:
import { Chart } from '@antv/g2';const chart = new Chart({container: 'container',});chart.options({type: 'line',autoFit: true,data: {type: 'fetch',value:'https://gw.alipayobjects.com/os/bmw-prod/551d80c6-a6be-4f3c-a82a-abd739e12977.csv',},encode: { x: 'date', y: 'close' },animate: { enter: { type: 'false' } },});chart.render();
可通过animate: false
来关闭所有动画:
import { Chart } from '@antv/g2';const chart = new Chart({container: 'container',});chart.options({type: 'line',autoFit: true,data: {type: 'fetch',value:'https://gw.alipayobjects.com/os/bmw-prod/551d80c6-a6be-4f3c-a82a-abd739e12977.csv',},encode: { x: 'date', y: 'close' },animate: false,});chart.render();
import { Chart } from '@antv/g2';const chart = new Chart({container: 'container',});chart.options({type: 'interval',autoFit: true,data: [{ genre: 'Sports', sold: 275 },{ genre: 'Strategy', sold: 115 },{ genre: 'Action', sold: 120 },{ genre: 'Shooter', sold: 350 },{ genre: 'Other', sold: 150 },],encode: { x: 'genre', y: 'sold', color: 'genre' },animate: {enter: { type: 'fadeIn', duration: 1000 },},});chart.render();
标记是通过mark.animate
指定动画属性的,一共有三个部分的动画可以指定:
enter- 新增的图形
update- 更新的图形
exit- 删除的图形
属性 | 描述 | 类型 | 默认值 | 必选 |
---|---|---|---|---|
enter | 入场动画配置 | EnterAnimateOptions | - | |
update | 更新动画配置 | UpdateAnimateOptions | - | |
exit | 退出动画配置 | ExitAnimateOptions | - | |
enterType | 入场动画类型 | string | fadeIn | |
enterDuration | 入场动画持续时间(毫秒) | number | 300 | |
enterDelay | 入场动画延迟时间(毫秒) | number | 0 | |
enterEasing | 入场动画缓动函数 | string | ease | |
enterFill | 入场动画非运行状态的展示效果 | Fill | both | |
updateType | 更新动画类型 | string | morphing | |
updateDuration | 更新动画持续时间(毫秒) | number | 300 | |
updateDelay | 更新动画延迟时间(毫秒) | number | 0 | |
updateEasing | 更新动画缓动函数 | string | ease | |
updateFill | 更新动画非运行状态的展示效果 | Fill | both | |
exitType | 退出动画类型 | string | fadeOut | |
exitDuration | 退出动画持续时间(毫秒) | number | 300 | |
exitDelay | 退出动画延迟时间(毫秒) | number | 0 | |
exitEasing | 退出动画缓动函数 | string | ease | |
exitFill | 退出动画非运行状态的展示效果 | Fill | both |
复杂类型说明:
EnterAnimateOptions
:入场动画配置对象,包含 type、duration、delay、easing、fill 属性UpdateAnimateOptions
:更新动画配置对象,包含 type、duration、delay、easing、fill 属性ExitAnimateOptions
:退出动画配置对象,包含 type、duration、delay、easing、fill 属性Fill
:动画填充模式,可选值为 'auto'
、'none'
、'forwards'
、'backwards'
、'both'
import { Chart } from '@antv/g2';const chart = new Chart({container: 'container',});chart.options({type: 'interval',autoFit: true,data: {type: 'fetch',value: 'https://assets.antv.antgroup.com/g2/deaths.json',},encode: { x: 'Month', y: 'Death', color: 'Type' },transform: [{ type: 'stackY' },{ type: 'stackEnter', groupBy: ['color', 'x'], duration: 2000 },],scale: { y: { type: 'sqrt' } },coordinate: { type: 'polar' },animate: { enter: { type: 'waveIn' } },axis: { y: false },});chart.render();
动画类型 Type
决定了动画的视觉效果。G2 提供了多种内置动画类型,也可设置为 null
、undefined
或 false
来关闭动画。常见的动画类型包括:
动画类型 | 作用 |
---|---|
fadeIn | 淡入效果,图形从透明到可见 |
growInX | 沿 X 轴方向生长效果 |
growInY | 沿 Y 轴方向生长效果 |
scaleInX | 沿 X 轴缩放进入效果 |
scaleInY | 沿 Y 轴缩放进入效果 |
zoomIn | 整体缩放进入效果 |
pathIn | 沿路径进入效果 |
waveIn | 波浪形进入效果 |
morphing | 形变效果,平滑过渡图形变化 |
fadeOut | 淡出效果,图形从可见到透明 |
scaleOutX | 沿 X 轴缩放退出效果 |
scaleOutY | 沿 Y 轴缩放退出效果 |
zoomOut | 整体缩放退出效果 |
缓动函数控制动画过程中视觉属性变化的插值方式。G2 支持以下内置缓动函数(来自 easings.net):
constant | accelerate | decelerate | accelerate-decelerate | decelerate-accelerate |
---|---|---|---|---|
linear | ease-in / in | ease-out / out | ease-in-out / in-out | ease-out-in / out-in |
ease | in-sine | out-sine | in-out-sine | out-in-sine |
steps | in-quad | out-quad | in-out-quad | out-in-quad |
step-start | in-cubic | out-cubic | in-out-cubic | out-in-cubic |
step-end | in-quart | out-quart | in-out-quart | out-in-quart |
in-quint | out-quint | in-out-quint | out-in-quint | |
in-expo | out-expo | in-out-expo | out-in-expo | |
in-circ | out-circ | in-out-circ | out-in-circ | |
in-back | out-back | in-out-back | out-in-back | |
in-bounce | out-bounce | in-out-bounce | out-in-bounce | |
in-elastic | out-elastic | in-out-elastic | out-in-elastic | |
spring / spring-in | spring-out | spring-in-out | spring-out-in |
动画填充属性规定了图形在动画非运行状态(如开始前、结束后)时的展示效果:
auto
/none
- 默认值,动画在第一帧开始前和最后一帧结束后不影响图形展示效果forwards
- 动画完成后停住,不恢复到初始状态backwards
- 动画开始前应用第一帧效果both
- 同时应用 forwards
和 backwards
的效果G2 支持将数据值映射到动画属性上,使动画也具备数据可视化的意义。通过 encode
可以将数据字段映射到动画属性,如 enterDuration
、enterDelay
等。
import { Chart } from '@antv/g2';const chart = new Chart({container: 'container',});chart.options({type: 'interval',autoFit: true,data: [{ name: 'event planning', startTime: 1, endTime: 4 },{ name: 'layout logistics', startTime: 3, endTime: 13 },{ name: 'select vendors', startTime: 5, endTime: 8 },{ name: 'hire venue', startTime: 9, endTime: 13 },{ name: 'hire caterer', startTime: 10, endTime: 14 },{ name: 'hire event decorators', startTime: 12, endTime: 17 },{ name: 'rehearsal', startTime: 14, endTime: 16 },{ name: 'event celebration', startTime: 17, endTime: 18 },],encode: {x: 'name',y: ['endTime', 'startTime'],color: 'name',enterDuration: (d) => (d.endTime - d.startTime) * 300,enterDelay: (d) => d.startTime * 100,},coordinate: { transform: [{ type: 'transpose' }] },});chart.render();
G2 提供了 stackEnter
标记转换来实现分组动画,使图形按照特定规则依次出现。该转换会先对图形进行分组,然后将它们的出现时间和持续时间在空间上进行堆叠。
import { Chart } from '@antv/g2';const chart = new Chart({container: 'container',});chart.options({type: 'view',autoFit: true,data: {type: 'fetch',value: 'https://assets.antv.antgroup.com/g2/doughnut-purchases.json',},children: [{type: 'line',encode: { x: 'year', y: 'count', color: 'year', shape: 'smooth' },scale: { y: { zero: true, nice: true } },style: { gradient: 'x', gradientColor: 'start' },animate: { enter: { type: 'pathIn', duration: 3000 } },axis: { y: { labelFormatter: '~s' } },},{type: 'point',encode: { x: 'year', y: 'count', color: 'year', shape: 'point' },transform: [{ type: 'stackEnter' }],animate: { enter: { duration: 300 } },},{type: 'text',encode: { x: 'year', y: 'count', text: 'year' },transform: [{ type: 'stackEnter' }],style: { lineWidth: 5, stroke: '#fff', textAlign: 'center', dy: -8 },animate: { enter: { duration: 300 } },},],});chart.render();
G2 提供了制作关键帧动画的能力,可以在不同视图间平滑过渡,展示数据变化。通过 timingKeyframe
创建时间容器,使用 key
和 groupKey
通道指定元素之间的对应关系。
import { Chart } from '@antv/g2';const chart = new Chart({container: 'container',});chart.options({type: 'timingKeyframe',autoFit: true,direction: 'alternate',iterationCount: 2,children: [{type: 'interval',data: [{ gender: 'female', height: 161.2, weight: 51.6 },{ gender: 'female', height: 167.5, weight: 59 },{ gender: 'female', height: 159.5, weight: 49.2 },{ gender: 'female', height: 157, weight: 63 },{ gender: 'female', height: 155.8, weight: 53.6 },{ gender: 'female', height: 170, weight: 59 },{ gender: 'man', height: 159.1, weight: 47.6 },{ gender: 'man', height: 166, weight: 69.8 },{ gender: 'man', height: 176.2, weight: 66.8 },{ gender: 'man', height: 160.2, weight: 75.2 },{ gender: 'man', height: 172.5, weight: 55.2 },],encode: { x: 'gender', y: 'weight', color: 'gender', key: 'gender' },transform: [{ type: 'groupX', y: 'mean' }],},{type: 'point',data: [{ gender: 'female', height: 161.2, weight: 51.6 },{ gender: 'female', height: 167.5, weight: 59 },{ gender: 'female', height: 159.5, weight: 49.2 },{ gender: 'female', height: 157, weight: 63 },{ gender: 'female', height: 155.8, weight: 53.6 },{ gender: 'female', height: 170, weight: 59 },{ gender: 'man', height: 159.1, weight: 47.6 },{ gender: 'man', height: 166, weight: 69.8 },{ gender: 'man', height: 176.2, weight: 66.8 },{ gender: 'man', height: 160.2, weight: 75.2 },{ gender: 'man', height: 172.5, weight: 55.2 },],encode: {x: 'height',y: 'weight',color: 'gender',shape: 'point',groupKey: 'gender',},},],duration: 1000,});chart.render();
Lottie
能极大丰富动画的描述能力。
具体实现可以参考:lottie。
时序动画(timingSequence)还在开发中,敬请期待。